1. Watchful Waiting : For men with mild or asymptomatic BPH, watchful waiting or active surveillance may be recommended. This approach involves regular monitoring of symptoms and prostate gland size, with intervention only if symptoms worsen or complications develop.

2. Lifestyle Modifications: Certain lifestyle modifications may help alleviate symptoms of BPH and improve urinary function, including:

• Fluid Management: Limiting fluid intake, particularly before bedtime, can help reduce urinary frequency and nocturia.
• Bladder Training: Techniques such as timed voiding and double voiding can help improve bladder control and reduce urinary urgency.
• Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can support overall prostate health and urinary function.
• Regular Exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, can help maintain a healthy weight and improve urinary symptoms.

3. Medications: Several medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms of BPH and reduce the size of the prostate gland, including:

• Alpha-Blockers: Medications such as tamsulosin, terazosin, or alfuzosin relax the muscles of the prostate and bladder, improving urine flow and reducing urinary symptoms.
• 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors: Medications such as finasteride or dutasteride block the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), shrinking the prostate gland and reducing urinary symptoms.
• Combination Therapy: Some men may benefit from combination therapy with both alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors for enhanced symptom relief.

4. Minimally Invasive Procedures: For men with moderate to severe BPH symptoms that do not respond to medications, minimally invasive procedures may be considered to relieve urinary obstruction, including:

• TURP (Transurethral resection of prostate): An endoscopic procedure which uses thermal energy to cut excess prostate tissue, relieving urinary obstruction.
• Holmium LASER enucleation/Ablation of Prostate (HOLAP) : A procedure that uses LASER energy toenucleate prostate lobes which are then morcellated in the bladder and removed, improving urinary symptoms.
• Prostatic Urethral Lift (PUL): A procedure that uses small implants to lift and hold the enlarged prostate tissue away from the urethra, improving urine flow and reducing symptoms.

5. Open Surgical Intervention: In cases of severe BPH symptoms with very large prostate or complications , open surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve the symptoms.